Platos Cave Only essays

Plato's Cave Only articles In Book VII of Plato's, Republic, Socrates endeavors to show his conviction of how individuals can come to know equity, and how such information can be utilized to lift the degree of equity inside the state. The Republic involves thoughts and speculative contentions that are very unique and expelled from the ordinary idea of regular individuals. Plato, and in fact his tutor Socrates, are extremely insightful men in that their mind and creative mind can make and continue strange or unprecedented thoughts that ordinary individuals try not to consider or don't have the intellectual capacities or acumen to do as such. Plato perceives this reality and utilizations discourse between the character of Socrates and ordinary individuals, for example, Glaucon to disclose such unusual plans to the peruser of The Republic. A valuable procedure used to depict these elusive thoughts is through different analogies relating typical items and circumstances to confounded and top to bottom lines of reasoning. A portion of Plato's analogies incorporate that of the sun and its light identifying with the type of good and truth, the line similarity identifying with our changing degrees of comprehension and appreciation and the cavern relationship. This 'cavern similarity' is useful in delineating the manner in which Plato accepts we can come to know equity, truth and goodness. He compares our present degree of comprehension to that of a gathering of manacled detainees watching the back mass of a dim cavern, lit uniquely by a fire that throws shadows of passers by on this divider. Plato clarifies that the genuine, genuine world is outside this cavern and because of the physical and mental restrictions on these detainees they can't comprehend this genuine reality, just inside which genuine goodness and equity can be acknowledged and comprehended. Socrates clarifies that, as every one of these detainees have ever known is this shadow universe of pitiful misleading statements and fantasies, it has become their existence. As, even the voices from the passing individuals are resounded off this wal... <!

Teaching Strategies Free Essays

The book â€Å"Dharma Punx† was composed by Noah Levine, the child of top of the line writer and Buddhist instructor Stephen Levine. As an essayist, he utilizes a characteristic, conversational and empathic voice to portray his story so as to connect with other people who have experienced a similar difficulty as he did. This book, which was written in an exceptionally exhaustive account serves pretty much as his collection of memoirs, concentrating basically on what might presumably the most violent snapshots of this life when floated starting with one â€Å"movement† then onto the next, from underground rock to medications and liquor which almost sent his life smashing down to the point of implosion or self destruction which he endeavored a few times, thus the title of the primary part is â€Å"Suicide Solution† (Levine, 2003, p. We will compose a custom article test on Instructing Strategies or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now 1). The beginning stage of Levine’s story was at the detainment office where he was kept and at that point, he was experiencing withdrawal indications as the unfavorable impacts of medications and liquor were being flushed out of his framework. It was now that he would start to retell his story on how he got into that circumstance. Conceived in 1971, his folks hailed from the â€Å"hippies† age of the 1960’s where they rebelled against the foundation at the tallness of the Vietnam War and one of their mantras was â€Å"Make Love, Not War!† just as the flooding opportunity of articulation of their age that additionally enjoyed free medications and sexual indiscrimination also, along these lines making the term â€Å"psychedelic† a modest representation of the truth for their age that went to drugs as an approach to get away from a cruel, ruthless and skeptical reality they needed to renounce. They were attempting to make their own image of ideal world yet some way or another, this would not be immaculate too, and this would be reflected in Levine’s own family. In his youth years in the late 1970s and early ’80s, Levine wanted to skateboard however mostly to straighten something up and impact, he got guided into underground rock and frequently watched underground rock shows just as looking like an underground rocker when he was in his adolescents. Underground rock was to his age what the psychadelic â€Å"hippie† development was to his folks. Levine said that the circumstance of his age made them go to this prevailing fashion †like him, the young people of his age needed to adapt to issues like broken homes, flighty guardians who were either alcoholic or medication wards; there was no mindful grown-up who could manage them. His folks had separated by at that point and he would invest energy with every one of them, transporting between their homes in California and New Mexico. The two his folks remarried yet his mother’s second marriage was laden with inconvenience and the incongruity of that was she met her second spouse in a contemplation retreat while his dad had the option to proceed onward and remarry a lady whom he genuinely cherished and gave him a more joyful marriage (Levine, 2003, p. 5). Be that as it may, without his â€Å"enlightened† father around to direct him, the more youthful Levine was vulnerable to the allurements of the materialistic world. When he was six years of age, he previously started smoking weed and was evaluating other restricted substances too like cocaine. This likewise came connected at the hip in participating in liquor which would remain with him for the greater part of his childhood. He was so dependent into medications and liquor that when he was in secondary school, he had gotten rough, regularly falling into difficulty running from fights to vandalism that he was captured a few times for such conduct, something he seemed to have invited, attributable to his underground rock impact, his own specific manner of challenging power. He in the end dropped out of school and lived like a transient, frequently taking to help his propensity (Levine, 2003, pp. 21-24). In his ongoing confinement in 1988, where he was at his low that his street to â€Å"enlightenment† would start. At the point when his dad visited him, he was the person who had shown him the way by urging him to attempt contemplation (Levine, 2003, pp. 3-4). From the start, Levine viewed Buddhist lessons as â€Å"bullshit† yet the second he put forth an attempt to attempt it, he experienced a significant change. He started the 12-advance program and began going to reflection meetings. He was in the long run discharged and he began another way throughout everyday life. Throughout the following not many years, Levine buckled down on his profound development, in any event, rehearsing abstinence and taking a journey to the Far East looking for illumination and in any event, meeting and gaining from the Dalai Lama himself! He would in the long run finish his investigations by getting a higher education however he didn't stop there. He went further and acquired an advanced education in guiding brain science too. He followed in his father’s strides by additionally turning into a Buddhist instructor and of the considerable number of spots where he might want to educate, he decided to be at exactly the same confinement office where he used to be remanded. In spite of the fact that he is a completely improved and changed individual, there is one thing from Levine’s past that he has not denied, his energy for underground rock. He despite everything tunes in to underground rock, and still acts, looks and dresses the part. He despite everything sports tattoos yet the distinction presently is that his tattoos are Buddhist-enlivened, for example, the lotus bloom and Sanskrit engravings, making Levine a carbon copy of Hollywood on-screen character Vin Diesel well known for his job as specialist â€Å"XXX† where he would likewise brandish tattoos. Something Levine found about Buddhism is that it is exceptionally receptive into enduring whatever would commend it. Buddhist lessons, especially the Zen way of thinking, state that if an individual can be unified with that specific subject, that is additionally Buddhism. Levine himself will confirm that underground rock, in spite of what moderate masterminds may believe, isn't utter horror to society by any means. This is, obviously, taking a gander at it from a Buddhist point of view. Others will in general view underground rock as wild, vicious and somewhat, ruinous. As Levine would likewise concede, he went to underground rock as a method of challenging business as usual of his age, much like his folks were a piece of the â€Å"hippie† development as a statement of insubordination of the norm of their own age also (Levine, 2003, p.â 34). The pleasant thing about Buddhism is that it has a method of directing the overabundance vitality away from the ruinous way. In the event that there was one other thing that Levine gained from his edification, it is that demise isn't the solution to his issues when he was endeavoring to end it all. For a great many people, to take one’s life is the method of the failure, despite the â€Å"samurai† idea of self destruction where they would end their own lives to delete the disgrace of the disgrace. It doesn't matter here and this can be deciphered in a few different ways. From the Hindu/Buddhist point of view, there is the idea of â€Å"karma† and rebirth where one’s direct in the current life would have an impact on what will happen to them in the following. While these convictions perceive passing (as a characteristic event), it doesn't urge individuals to end it all. In light of â€Å"karma,† the person who ends it all may get oneself resurrected in a much lower life structure along these lines and without a doubt, nobody might want to be reawakened as a creature or an infinitesimal life form! In many convictions, demise isn't the end, but instead the start of the following stage, if it would be permitted to take its normal course. Ending it all would disturb the excellent structure for the person known to man. One prominent part of Buddhist Dharma is the bearing one’s way will be, contingent upon the decisions made. Levine’s to some degree disturbed past fill in as the premise of his compositions and lessons. â€Å"We all kind of have an alternate entryway to dharma or profound practice. Enduring is an entryway. For me it was the enduring of habit, viciousness and wrongdoing which opened me at a youthful age, 17 years of age. I was imprisoned, taking a gander at an amazing remainder in jail and thought, ‘Maybe I will attempt dad’s flower child reflection bologna. ‘ Suffering opened me to the chance of attempting reflection. † (Levine, 2003, p. 246) All altogether, â€Å"Dharma Punx† isn't just a collection of memoirs, it is an otherworldly excursion of one person who has suffered most likely the most exceedingly awful life can toss at him, send him on a misguided course yet through remedial â€Å"enlightenment,† had the option to ricochet back and turn out to be profoundly entire once more. What's more, if the soul is â€Å"whole,† the physical body will follow also. Noah Levine experienced damnation and came out of it flawless. If this somehow happened to be applied in worldwide relations, one thing Buddhism can educate is brutality and scorn isn't the response to the issues on the planet. Buddhist lessons show sympathy and compassion and if countries might want to build up close relations with each other, they need to start by setting up a profound association which is first done by â€Å"letting go† of one’s self. Buddhism instructs that the motivation behind why there is such a great amount of enduring in this world is because of common wants. In worldwide relations, the battle for power frequently puts countries at chances with each other and this regularly prompts wars. Buddhism instructs the inverse, in relinquishing these wants and to sympathize. In doing do, not exclusively are benevolent relations set up, yet one’s own advantages will be met by others and one need not stress over it any longer. At long last, â€Å"Dharma Punx† is an exceptionally edifying book which is strongly prescribed to anybody, not really to the individuals who experienced a similar trial as the writer went. The creator had been there and had done that yet he would not enc

Stealing from the Class of 2016

Stealing from the Class of 2016 Good day! One of the many unique and altogether unavoidable aspects of MIT life is the mailing list. Mailing lists are powerful tools that allow people to contact a large number of other people whom all have a common interest. Most sporting groups, clubs, class groups, dorms, floors in dorms, classes, councils, and recitations all have unique mailing lists. Its impossible to avoid getting added to many MANY mailing lists during your time at MIT. By the end of my four year stint I believe I was on ~200 different mailing lists. This isnt unusual. There are some mailing lists that only see use for a semester, others that get used for a year or more, and still others that are used for four or more years. Many mailing lists lack clever names and all of them end with @mit.edu. Since they lack clever names its usually pretty easy to recognize patterns (or guess what a groups mailing list name might be). Take, for example, the mailing lists that are used for contacting an ENTIRE CLASS of students. Were not talking about a math class here, were talking about a class of 1000+ admitted students. Each has a very simple naming scheme and a little research showed that all of the class mailing lists up until the class of 2015 had been created and had owners, likely administrators at MIT. So, whats a group of PSETing MIT students at 2 in the morning to do when they discover such a pattern? Create and claim ownership over the first unclaimed list, duh! So, back in 2009, four tired, grumpy, overworked, and snickering MIT students stole the class of 2016s mailing list. BWAHAHAHAHAHA!!! Oh my god, it was hysterical. Seriously, we were soooo proud of ourselves. We could hardly stand it. We told everybody!!! Actually, we just chuckled, didnt tell anybody, and forgot about it for three years :) Tonight we got an angry email claiming that the class of 2016 class council was upset and wanted their list back. SUCCESS!!! But, just giving the list back would be too easy, far FAR too easy. So, heres the plan, ladies and gents THE MIT FRESHMANS GUIDE TO RECOVERING OWNERSHIP OF THEIR CLASS MAILING LIST The name of the game is a photo scavenger hunt. Upon receiving photos of freshmen from 9 of the 12 undergraduate dorms spelling MIT in the traditional 4-person pose SOMEWHERE IN THEIR DORM we will release the mailing list. Heres an example: To further sweeten the pot, the freshmen with the best MIT picture and in the coolest location within their dorm will receive four flaky biscuits and a set of magnetic buckyballs to share among themselves. Freshmen, please send submissions to tinsington[at]mit[dot]edu by 11:59PM today (Thursday). Prospective freshmen, please enjoy watching this years freshmen scrabble to reclaim custody of their mailing list :)  While this blog entry isnt necessarily aimed at you, hopefully it gives you a peak at some of the fun shenanigans that happen from time to time. Finally, just as a reminder, we were all freshmen at one point. No matter how hard it seems, youll get through it, its just school. Heres (from left to right) James, Yuki, Sauza, Jordan and yours truly way back in 2008 on Conner 2, collaborating on Mastering Physics, just like you!!! Chin up, and get photographing, or youll never see your mailing list again!!!

The Between Neocolonialism And Classical Colonialism

Colonialism is often regarded as one of the greatest atrocities committed by mankind. Throughout history, civilizations have been exploited and oppressed primarily by European settlers that took advantage of indigenous people’s labor and extracted resources from the land. Indigenous people were often treated as slaves by colonizers that profited from the resources that they produced and injected into the global economy. Many regard colonialism as a historical event that human kind has ascended from, however, it still exists in modified and very similar ways in the present. This phenomenon is often referred to as neocolonialism. I will examine the properties of both neocolonialism and classical colonialism by observing their similarities and differences regarding monetary economics and developmental economics and examine the social impact of these perceptions. Despite the monetary systems of classical colonialism being much less complex than those of neocolonialism and post-colonialism, the monetary aspects of classical colonialism are a completely separate category of discrimination upon the disadvantaged. Indigenous tribes often had their own unique methods of accounting and organizing transactions. These methods were sufficient in determining tribal obligations (Goswami, 1984, p. 56-60). During the colonial period in Africa, â€Å"Colonial governments established uniform monetary systems and abolished pre-existing currencies, usually without compensation† (Manning, 1974, p.Show MoreRelated12 Years a Slave and Crossing the River: Postcolonial Critique1155 Words   |  5 PagesAtlantic slave trade, subsequently producing unconscious bigotry and racialized fantasies. As a postcolonial United States absconded from the political, cultural and economic ways of Great Britain, imperialism remained as a consequence of the human coloniali sm of slavery. Steve McQueen’s adaptation of 12 Years a Slave depicts the legacy of slavery and racism, and its relation to the African American diaspora. Through the collapse of identity and white prevalence, 12 Years a Slave subverts order and chaosRead MoreDefinition Of A World Class University Essay2114 Words   |  9 Pagesand power, globalization is able to reflect â€Å"the rise of the service sector and the dependence of many societies on knowledge products and highly educated personnel for economic growth† (Altbach and Knight, 2007, p. 290). It is a both ways impact between higher education and globalization. Globally, universities have become advanced contributors with sophisticated skills and knowledge. They are also deemed as vanguards for building up â€Å"the international academic mobility† (Altbach and Knight, 2007Read MoreA Report Of Post Wwii Development Of Kenya2483 Words   |  10 Pageswith Rostow’s stages of growth model and the Ha rrod-Domar Growth model, linear stages of growth model demonstrated that all the developed countries must have undergone several essential stages. Moreover, Harrod-Domar deemed that the relationship between the growth and the capital requirement is close. It is reasonable for us to illustrate how Kenya fit/ not fit in every stage in the progress. Stage 1: The traditional society: Kenya is a still in a â€Å"traditional society† stage, which is characterizedRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Pakistan Economy8194 Words   |  33 Pagesglobalization on Pakistan in particular and on the developing countries in general. Therefore, unlike the developed nations’ fashion of regarding globalization as the means of development, Pakistan and other developing nations regard globalization as the neocolonialism which ensures more and more politicoeconomic as well as strategic empowerment of the capitalist developed countries at the cost of the present and future of the developing nations through the practice of the predatory law of â€Å"might is right†[(AnjumRead MoreCan the Subaltern Speak9113 Words   |  37 PagesDerrida. And I will have recourse, perhaps surprisingly, to an argument that Western intellectual production is, in many ways, complicit with Western international economic interests. In the end, I will offer an alternative analysis of the relations between the discourses of the West and the possibility of speaking of (or for) the subaltern woman. I will draw my specific examples from the case of India, discussing at length the extraordinarily paradoxical status of the British abolition of widow sacrifice

Parole Is The Release Of A Convicted Offender - 1230 Words

Parole is the release of a convicted offender after he or she has completed a portion of his or her prison sentence (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). Probation is a form of sentence for violating the law, which suspends the convicted offender’s sentence for a period of time and releases the offender back into the community under specific conditions (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). The start of probation can be linked to England’s criminal law. During Henry VIII’s time, harsh sanctions were placed on adults and children for violations of the law that were sometimes minor (New York City Government, 2015). The upper class members of the society eventually became dissatisfied with the harsh punishments and became bothered with the change of the†¦show more content†¦Before the mid-nineteenth century offenders received determinate sentences in prison (Rank, n.d.). Determinate sentence is a non-negotiable sentence of incarceration for the specific amount of time as required by statute for that specific crime (U.S. Legal, 2015). Determinate sentencing became problematic because prisons were often overcrowded, which forced governors to issue pardons or prison wardens had to randomly release inmates to make room for new intake (Rank, n.d.). Captain Alexander Maconochie and Sir Walter Crofton are credited for implementing early parole system in England (Rank, n.d.). Maconochie was governor of an English penal colony at Norfolk Island (Rank, n.d.). Convicted English offenders were transported to Australia from England and from Australia to the island; unfortunately, the conditions were extremely bad for the offenders (Rank, n.d.). Maconochie discontinued determinate sentencing and created a â€Å"mark system† (Rank, n.d.). Under the â€Å"mark system†, inmates could be granted release from prison based upon their hard work and good behavior (Rank, n.d.). Inmates earned marks, which were used to buy a reduction in sentence or goods; unfortunately, inmates had to undergo a variety of stages before they were released and the climbing through the stages depended on the number of marks received (Rank, n.d.). Similar to Maconochie, Sir Walter Crofton was convinced that the prison sentence should not

The Motorcycle Diaries Free Essays

It is an irony that the guerrilla Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara, one of the most intriguing figures of Latin America, has come to be immortalized as an icon of popular culture—a pin-up, poster boy of sorts that lends face to the mass-produced â€Å"Che† shirts and pins. This massive appeal, however, needs to be rooted in the context of what prompted him to become a revolutionary, to a time before he took up arms and became a legend. Retracing such route to a decisive era in Guevara’s early life is the book â€Å"The Motorcycle Diaries: A Journey Around South America. We will write a custom essay sample on The Motorcycle Diaries or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The Motorcycle Diaries: A Journey Around South America is the memoir of twenty-three year-old medical student Ernesto Guevara de la Serna when he embarked upon a journey across South America with his older friend Rodrigo Granado. In search for fun and adventure, theirs is a rather grand route that spans Argentina, Chile, Peru, the Peruvian Amazon, Colombia and Venezuela. The two start out aboard a lumbering 1939 Norton 500 motorcycle they named â€Å"La Poderosa† (The Mighty One) which eventually crashes on the way and forces them to travel on foot. Chronological entries in The Motorcycle Diaries detail Ernesto’s narrative of the eight-month journey, in which they initially wanted to seek bourgeois pleasures like getting drunk and getting laid. Early on, they pose as Argentinian leprosy doctors in order to gain accommodations and hospitable treatment from local folks.   Further on the road, Ernesto and Alberto share a series of youthful misadventures, at times committing scams to get themselves by. In an event, Ernesto tries to work as a fireman but sleeps out on the sounding fire alarm so that the building on fire burns down. Even if the diaries present the characters’ bawdy behavior, it more importantly accounts for a great discovery that only such journey can offer them. As they themselves experience poverty and come face-to-face with indigent townsfolk, nameless people whose living conditions sharply contrast the lavish lifestyle they were born into, their view of the world changes. Incidents in the diaries concretely speak of these encounters with social injustice. When Ernesto sees a tuberculosis-stricken woman in her death bed, he realizes how dismal the public health system is. When he tours a copper mine (which has taken lives of miners), he discovers how laborers are famished and unfairly treated. Throughout the trip, not only does Ernesto stumble upon the endemic poverty and subjugation of the peoples across South America. He is also able to make his stand regarding a â€Å"unified Latin America.† A passage in the The Motorcycle Diaries reads Although we are too insignificant to be a spokesman for such a noble cause, we believe, and this journey has only served to confirm this belief, that the division of America into unstable and illusory nations is a complete fiction. We are one single mestizo race with remarkable ethnographical similarities, from Mexico down to the Magellan straits. And so, in an attempt to break free from an all narrow-minded provincialism, I propose a toast to Peru and United America. From various South American sights running parallel to each other, Ernesto sees his ideal of Pan-American unification which he would later brace politically. He maintains that since all of Latin America share a common experience and long history of oppression, hence should they have an integrated movement towards their liberation. (Later in his life, Ernesto demonstrated how he lived up to this ideal, touring across the continent to unite different guerrilla units and revolutionary forces in different countries.) What was originally meant to be a journey for fun and adventure turned out to be the provocation necessary to make a â€Å"revolutionary.†   Immersion and encounters with workers being laid-off and fighting for jobs, starving farmers, and other vestiges of feudal rule on agricultural communities make only a few threads weaving the larger story of oppression that proved strong enough to catapult individuals like Ernesto Guevara to the fray. These experiences caused such indignation in Ernesto, sending him to become the revolutionary who changed the history of South America. Both Alberto (who came back to Argentina to pursue medicine and dedicate his practice for the poor) and Ernesto show that the things they saw from their journey are hard truths—realities often obscured to the upper economic classes but inescapable realities nevertheless, needing to be dealt with actions more forceful than charity. The characters of The Motorcycle Diaries are a testament that revolutionaries are made, not born. The ‘life-changing’ theme that prevails in The Motorcycle Diaries is conveyed by other allegories pertaining to the characters’ awakening. For instance, the river separating the leper colony to the medical staff’s island symbolizes the gap between the powerful and the oppressed. Ernesto’s act of dissolving this symbolic divide is a portent to the way he would later take in his life. Ernesto’s Diaries is written with such vividness and animation, and is punctuated with a range of ordinary human emotions, from mischief and vulgarity to a sense of righteousness and justice. He states even his most roguish actions in a matter-of-fact tone that you would think of â€Å"shooting a puma in the dark of the night† (which turns out to be a neighbor’s dog) as if it is the most natural thing to do.   Even if Ernesto writes The Motorcycle Diaries from his own viewpoint, it does not render him heroically ‘larger-than-life.’ In 2004, a film bearing the same title was made based on the book. There are minor deviations from the book to account for, particularly the omission of several interesting incidents (like shooting of the â€Å"puma† and sneaking inside a shipment of melons, etc.). The film also romanticizes the love angle between Ernesto and his fiancà ©e, which, in the diaries, does not appear to be such a highlight.   Despite these, however, the film is still quite able to introduce the essence of the written memoirs to those who have not read them yet. The Motorcycle Diaries: A Journey Around South America has written down how witnessing concrete forms of social injustice could change a person’s worldview and awaken him from his ignorance and unconscious indifference. At least for the man who later became the revolutionary Che Guevara, the journey even served to fuel his future actions in defiance of the prevailing system he found oppressive. The catchphrase â€Å"Before he changed the world, the world changed him† (promoting the film version of The Motorcycle Diaries) speaks truthfully of the bereted man we see ubiquitously as a pop icon. In turn, the book speaks of demystifying the face behind the shirt and the poster and understanding, from his beginnings, the persona who the powers-that-be, for so long, have come to vilify. Guevara, Che, The Motorcycle Diaries: A Journey Around South America. October 1996. New York: Verso.    How to cite The Motorcycle Diaries, Essay examples

Suspension of Habeas Corpus

Habeas Corpus and its Application within the U.S. The original purpose of the writ of habeas corpus was to ensure that an individual could be tried by a judge in court for purported crimes that are attributed to them. Its institution was meant as a means by which a person is given a fair trial and is not unlawfully detained without sufficient cause or evidence to justify their incarceration. In the case of the U.S., the application of the writ of habeas corpus can actually be suspended depending on the following factors as outlined by Article 1, section 9 of the U.S. Constitution:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Suspension of Habeas Corpus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More rebellion invasion general public safety as required given unprecedented external/internal circumstances When taking this into consideration, it can be seen that in certain circumstances habeas corpus can be suspended when it involves aspects that endanger public safety. As seen in the events of 9/11, the concept of terrorism has in effect altered America’s perception regarding what can constitute a real and possible danger to its citizenry and as such measures such as the creation of Gunatanamo Bay and the Military Commissions of Act of 2006 thus becomes more justifiable due to the way in which the standard concept of a threat to the state which normally comes in the form of an opposing country has now been changed to focus on combatants who can pose as civilians. It is based on this that this paper is under the assumption that governments have the responsibility to ensure the survival of the state and as such this can at times justify the act of denying people certain freedoms if it means the survival of the state as a whole. Suspension and Implementation of Habeas Corpus as it Applies to the Current Situation An examination of various historical instances surrounding the use and suspension of habeas co rpus reveals several notable instances that show a great deal of relevance to the present day case. The first involves the case of Johnson versus Eisentrager (involving German war criminals that were held within a U.S. administered prison that was within Germany) wherein it was ruled by the U.S. supreme court that in instances where the U.S. government does not hold sovereignty the U.S. Constitution thus does not completely ensure the application of habeas corpus (Katyal, 2008). When taking this particular case into consideration, the case of Guantanamo bay is more along the lines of a prison that is merely administered by the U.S. government, yet the detainees within are under the jurisdiction of Cuba. Thus, from a certain perspective, if you take the case of Johnson versus Eisentrager into consideration, then the suspension of habeas corpus is perfectly valid since the prisoners are not subject to the U.S. government law. Other instances where habeas corpus has been suspended were seen in the aftermath of the attack on Pearl Harbor wherein 10 saboteurs, 8 of whom were German were tried via a secret military court with the writ of habeas corpus not being applicable due to the saboteurs being labeled as unlawful combatants. From a certain perspective, it can be stated that since the individuals within Guantanamo bay are being accused of terrorism which in itself is considered an unlawful action, then their detention and conviction under the Military Commissions of Act of 2006, thus becomes valid since the mere act of terrorism does not necessarily target military installations and personnel but can encompass civilian targets as well as evidenced by the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Evaluation of the Perspective of the Judges When examining the case of Boumediene versus Bush, it is quite interesting to note that the divergent views of the judges involving the suspension of habeas corpus in the case of detainees at Guantanamo bay is a clear example of the clash over traditional views involving national security and the clearly nontraditional nature of the present day security environment (Raughter, 2005). It can be seen that the negative views of judges Souter and Kennedy regarding the inherent problems surrounding the suspension of habeas corpus in the case of the MCA and AEDPA were based on not only historical precedent (as seen in their arguments involving the application of habeas corpus on territories outside of the U.S. as well as its implementation with the case of England and Scotland) but on moral grounds citing the checks and balances system within the U.S. government that prevents too much power from being concentrated on one branch of the government as well as the fact that the detainees within Guantanamo themselves were held for a period of up to six years without suf ficient evidence to show that they were complicit in terrorist actions (Posner, 2007). On the other end of spectrum is the dissent of judges Scalia, Roberts, Alito and Thomas. In this particular case, it can be seen that their arguments are based on what was mentioned earlier involving nontraditional security issues within the present day global security environment. What you have to understand is that from the perspective of the dissenting judges the writ of habeas corpus as it applies to the case of the detainment of foreign nationals was originally meant as a measure that applied to combatants that were part of an enemy state (Neuman, 2010). The problem with terrorism, as explained by Scalia, is that it is incredibly difficult to actually determine who is and who is not a combatant within a foreign theater of war (Dempsey Sahar, 2011. It is usually the case that in periods of conflict it is the enemy state that is held liable for the actions of its soldiers, however in this part icular case there is no state to which the action of terrorism can be attributed to since this is based on an ideology created by a nongovernmental organization. Thus, even though the individuals detained within Guantanamo bay are considered enemy combatants, their possible actions in the future which may or may not result in the loss of American lives cannot be attributed to a particular state and thus no form of commensurate action in the form of reparation or retribution can be applied. Personal Philosophy When examining the current war on terror within the context of the protection of civil liberties, the issue of the survival of the state must be taken into consideration. As it was explained earlier, one of the primary roles of the government is ensuring the survival of state. This is done through a variety of means and methods whether military or political in nature. From my personal perspective, based on the various research texts I have examined on the issue, the necessity o f ensuring the survival of the state often supersedes the concept civil liberties. This was seen in a variety of instances within the international stage involving the suppression of activists within Russia and China and the implementation of martial law in the Philippines.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Suspension of Habeas Corpus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The U.S. itself is no stranger to the concept of suppression with the famous Communist â€Å"witch hunts† that occurred within the country during the height of the Cold War and the suppression of various civil liberties during this particular period in time in favor of protecting the interests of the state clearly showing that civil liberties are not indelible but rather are transient depending on the situation at hand. One of the views justifying the suppression of civil liberties can be seen in the work of Boot (2008) which states th at extraordinary external events which present a clear and present threat to the safety and security of the state often requires equally extraordinary measures to counteract them (Boot, 2008). In the case of terrorism which falls under the category of a â€Å"nontraditional† security issue, this often entails the implementation of measures of counteraction which do not fall under the traditional domain. While â€Å"traditional† security issues (i.e. conflict between states) entail the implementation of specific rules of conflict including habeas corpus, nontraditional methods of security often deal with situations wherein threats are not so clearly defined (i.e. terrorists posing as civilians) thus necessitating the use of other means of prevention. You also have to take into consideration the fact that when the laws meant to protect the rights of detainees were established they were done under a security environment that primarily dealt with traditional threats. In th is age where nontraditional threats have significantly increased, this necessitates an entirely different means of counteracting them. In this particular age, the process of preventing terrorist activities from taking place has now all boiled down to the acquisition of relevant knowledge and the implementation of measures meant to prevent terrorist events from even occurring. The logic behind this led to the creation of the Guantanamo bay facilities as well as the drone strikes within the region of Pakistan which many have cited as being responsible for terrorist and civilian deaths like. Despite this, it must be questioned what would have been the result if preventive measures such as this had not been implemented in the first place. Some studies such as those by Semple (2011) have indicated that the U.S. drone strikes and the Guantanamo bay facility have actually encouraged anti-U.S. sentiment and the popularization of terrorist action against the U.S. as seen in the recent case o f the death of the U.S. ambassador to Libya as well as numerous attacks on various U.S. embassies within the Middle East (Semple, 2011). On the other hand, there are studies such as those by Greenwald (2011) that indicate that the suspension of habeas corpus, the establishment of Guantanamo bay as well as the drone strikes in the Middle East are a justified way of preventing threats from escalating into actions that may adversely affect more American lives in the future (Scalia, 2008) (Greenwald, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is based on this that while I consider the detainment of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay (GITMO) without proper judicial proceedings to be ethically and morally wrong, the fact remains that their detainment can be considered a necessity in order to ensure the protection of the state as a whole. Reference List Boot, M. (2008). Are We Winning the War on Terror? Commentary, 126(1), 15-20. Dempsey, A., Sahar, L. (2011). Spoiling Boumediene: Military Involvement in the   Destruction of Evidence Regarding Detainee Habeas Petitions. Georgetown Journal Of Legal Ethics, 24(3), 497-516. Greenwald, A. (2011). A decade after 9/11 what we got right in the war on terror. Commentary, 132(2), 14-27. Katyal, N. (2008). courting failure. American Lawyer, 24. Neuman, G. L. (2010). The habeas corpus suspension clause AFTER BOUMEDIENE V. BUSH. Columbia Law Review, 110(2), 537-578. Posner, M. (2007). Panel Votes To Restore Habeas Corpus To War Detainees. CongressDaily. p. 12. Raughter, J. (2005). Court s differ on Gitmo detainees. American Legion, 159(1), 12. Scalia, J. (2008). Decision Will Cause More Americans to Be Killed. (Cover story). Human Events, 64(22), 1-8. Semple, M. (2011). Fault lines in the sand. New Statesman, 140(5060), 24-26. This research paper on Suspension of Habeas Corpus was written and submitted by user Esperanza French to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fidel Castro and the Cuban revolution essays

Fidel Castro and the Cuban revolution essays Fidel Castro Ruz was born on august 13 1926 in Biran, Cuba. His family, owning sugar plantations, were fairly wealthy, this money providing him with extensive education oppurtunities. In 1945 Castro gained a law degree after attending the University of Havana and started a practice, devoting himself to serving the poor. Castro had always been a rebel, his main interest in university being politics, involving himself in various protest groups. In 1952 he intended to run for parliament, but in a coup detat, General Fulgencio Batista overthrew the existing government, marking the end of democracy in Cuba and cancelling the election. These actions on Batistas part fueled Castros desire for revolution and in 1953 he started to organise a revolt. The revolutionary movement started on July 26 1953 and after many trials and tribulations Castro finally rose to power on January 1 1959. Batista had fled the country allowing Castros forces to move in and take Havana. Castro became president of Cuba and remains in this position today. How Castro impacted on the course of the Revolution from approx. 1950-1960 It is quite easily said that without Castros input there would not have been a successful revolution within Cuba. Castro was dedicated and determined to win, as said by Tad Szulc in Fidel: a Critical Portrait It was the obsession of Fidel Castro to do away with human, social and economic underdevelopement in Cuba. Fidel Castros political style emphasised active engagement and self-discipline. He believed that individuals can overcome any obstacle they desire if they have a strong will to do so and that revolution is the important mission worth pursuing. As Castro has said The duty of every revolutionary is to make the revolution. It was this enthusiasm and drive that rose him above Batista and ultimately lead to his victory in 1959. He was a ...

About the Reconstruction Era (1865â€1877)

About the Reconstruction Era (1865–1877) The period of Reconstruction took place in the southern United States from the end of the Civil War in 1865 until 1877. The era was marked by intense controversies, which included the impeachment of a president, outbreaks of racial violence, and the passage of Constitutional amendments. Even the end of Reconstruction was controversial, as it was marked by a presidential election which many, to the present day, contend was stolen. The main issue of Reconstruction was how to bring the nation back together after the rebellion of the slave states had been ended. And, at the end of the Civil War fundamental  issues facing the nation included what role former Confederates might play in the US government, and what role freed slaves would play in American society. And beyond the political and social issues was the matter of physical destruction. Much of the Civil War had been waged in the South, and cities, towns, and even farmlands, were in runs. The infrastructure of the South also had to be rebuilt. Conflicts Over Reconstruction The issue of how to bring the rebellious states back into the Union consumed much of the think of President Abraham Lincoln as the Civil War came to an end. In his second inaugural address he spoke of reconciliation. But when he was assassinated in April 1865 much changed. The new president, Andrew Johnson, declared that he would follow Lincolns intended policies toward Reconstruction. But the ruling party in Congress, the Radical Republicans, believed Johnson was being far too lenient and was allowing former rebels too much of a role in the new governments of the South. The Radical Republican plans for Reconstruction were more severe. And continual conflicts between the Congress and the president led to the impeachment trial of President Johnson in 1868.   When Ulysses S. Grant became president following the election of 1868, Reconstruction policies continued in the South. But it was often plagued by racial problems and the Grant administration often found itself trying to protect the civil rights of former slaves. The era of Reconstruction effectively ended with the Compromise of 1877, which decided the highly controversial election of 1876. Aspects of Reconstruction New Republican controlled governments were instituted in the South, but were almost certainly doomed to fail. Popular sentiment in the region was obviously opposed to the political party which had been led by Abraham Lincoln. An important program of Reconstruction was the Freedmens Bureau, which operated in the South to educate former slaves and give them assistance in adjusting to living as free citizens.   Reconstruction was, and remains, a highly controversial subject. Southerners felt that northerners were using the power of the federal government to punish the south. Northerners felt the southerners were still persecuting freed slaves through the imposition of racist laws, called black codes. The end of Reconstruction can be seen as the beginning of the period of Jim Crow.

Healthcare for Multiple Sclerosis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthcare for Multiple Sclerosis - Assignment Example The goals address quality, competitiveness, research, innovation and advancing the purpose of the organization. They reflect the values and vision of the organization. Their achievement is important in the battle against multiple sclerosis at the organizational and societal level. The first goal of Jackson Center for Multiple Sclerosis focuses on the indiscriminate delivery of quality healthcare. As a result, the organization shall develop a policy to serve everyone who seeks its services. This is an implementation strategy. The second alternative strategy involves the participation in established quality and customer delivery study. This is a competitive strategy that enables the organization to measure the quality of their healthcare and customer service (Kelkar, 2010). Lastly, the centre will need to develop an implementation strategy for evaluating the quality and fairness of its service. Customer feedback is the greatest measure of the quality of service provided by an organization (Thomas& Applegate, 2010). The second goal addresses the objective of the organization to be the best healthcare provider in multiple sclerosis. In order to achieve this goal, an adaptive strategy called vertical integration needs to be applied so as to reduce costs and enhance the competitiveness of the organization (Harrigan&Harrigan, 2003). Another adaptive strategy will be the automation of routine tasks to increase efficiency at the hospital. In addition, there will be a competitive strategy which involves attracting the best talent in the industry. The third goal states the aim to be a leading research centre for multiple sclerosis. Firstly, the centre will have to adopt a market entry strategy for developing its internal research capacity by raising the capital expenditure required and the ability of its staff to research. Secondly, it will collaborate with learning institutions, which is an adaptive strategy.  

Business leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business leadership - Essay Example Hence, both leadership and management are complementary in nature (Kotter, 6). What does it mean to say, â€Å"leadership is about change?† and how does the concept of â€Å"alignment† relate to leadership? The phrase â€Å"leadership is about change† signifies not just any type of chance but an alteration in the business environment. When the surroundings change new strategies will be required to match the changing needs. This is ensured by leadership the term â€Å"enabling† can therefore sum up the idea of change in this context (Heifetz, xii). Leadership is all about adapting to the changes, which will require effective communications with the subordinates. â€Å"Aligning† refers to empowering people to carry out tasks and is a problem of communications (Kotter, 10). What is â€Å"emotional hijacking†? Emotions certainly play an important role in leadership. This is most evident in the way two leaders might handle a same situation differe ntly. Temperament is very important and if a leader becomes enraged during communications, its effectiveness is lost.

A Justification Of The Caste System Bhagavad Gita Religion Essay

A Justification Of The Caste System Bhagavad Gita Religion Essay People in Hindu society are born into different castes with different qualities and their responsibility of fulfilling their dharma, which means scared duties, is inevitable. A passage In the Bhagavad Gita reveals that mankind is created into four classes: I created mamkind in four classes, / different in their qualities and actions; (The Bhagavad Gita 53). This indicates that born caste are not changeable, since they are set when individuals are created. The text then describes that each caste has its specific dharma and emphasize the restricted dharma on the idea that dharma is fixed by birth, as the text continues: The actions of priests, warriors, /commoners, and servants/ are appointed by the qualities/ born of their intrinsic being (The Bhagavad Gita 141). Such restricted social expectations are reflected in the caste system in Hindu society. Furthermore, we can see this restricted expectation when the Lord Krishna convinces Arjuna to perform his duty as a warrior: Look to your own duty; / do not tremble before it; / nothing is better for a warrior/ than a battle of sacred duty (The Bhagavad Gita 36). The lord Krishna wants Arjuna to perform his duties even if doing so is against his will. We can see that personal goals and emotions are suppressed when one performs dharma against ones will, and no matter what one is forced to perform caste duties. This strictness of caste duty is state clearly in the text: No one exists for even an instant / without performing action; / however unwilling, every being is forced / to act by the qualities of nature (The Bhagavad Gita 43). This describes the absoluteness of the caste system and that caste duties are the highest priority in ones actions. By creating such strict order, the Bhagavad Gita reinforces the hierarchy structure of the caste system. In addition, the Bhagavad Gita uses fear to further ensure that people follow their caste duties, by stating that failure to act accordingly to ones duties is considered sinful and will create disorder in family and society. Such idea is stated in the text: When the family is ruined, / the timeless laws of family duty / perish; and when duty is lost, / chaos overwhelms the family (The Bhagavad Gita 29). This creates a fear that is one does not follow than one will bring chaos to the family. More ove the text continues to describe the consequences of misbehavior. The text states:The sins of men who violate/ the family create disorder in society/ that undermines the constant laws/ of caste and family duty (The Bhagavad Gita 29). The text attach the word sin in order to attach the quilt to the wrong doings. This passage alsosets the definition of good and bad by warning not to violate the law of caste and by setting such definition the society is further restricted to confined social cl asses. Furthermore, since individual disobedience can bring disorder to the society as a whole, social pressure will be stressed on the individual who refuses the follow. This brings mutual responsibility in such a way that everyone needs to make sure everyone else follow the rule, so that the society as a whole can avoid disaster. The Bhagavad Gita creates great psychological pressure that concretes the caste system. According to the Bhagavad Gita, the ideal way to perform caste duties is by detachment: Always perform with detachment / any action you must do; performing action with detachment, / one achieves supreme good ( The Bhagavad Gita 45). By detaching from ones emotion, it is easier to endure the suffering of performing caste duties especially in the lay caste since their duties are the most miserable. We see this idea of detachment when the lord Krishna tells Aryuna to fight and not be influence by his own emotions. Moreover, this idea of detachment creates an indifference to the good and bad, poor and wealth. According to the text, when one views things with detachment, one will not see the materialistic inequality between them. We see this state of detachment in the passages: Self-reliant, impartial to suffering / and joy, to clay, stone, or gold, / the resolute man is the same / to foe and friend, to blame and praise ( The Bhagavad Gita 24). This reduces the anger of the lower caste pe ople who are not satisfied with the caste system. Therefore, this detachment promoted in the Bhagavad Gita strengthens the caste system by making each castes focus on their caste duties The idea of equality in all living beings is briefly discussed in the Bhagavad Gita, but one should not take it as indication of that social equality is promoted in Hindu society, since it does not reflects in the structure of Hindu society but only in a spiritual way. One may interprets certain passages in the Bhagavad Gita to argue against the caste system. For instance, the lord Krishna says to Arjuna: Learned men see with an equal eye / a scholarly and dignified priest, / a cow, an elephant, a dog/ and even an outcaste scavenger (The Bhagavad Gita 61). The word equal eye mentioned in this quote describes one of the key ideas in the Bhagavad Gita that every individual are originally in the brahmin caste and has the same spiritual quality. However, this spiritual equality does not reflects in the societal structure and it even reinforces the caste system by reducing the oppressiveness of the caste system because it makes the people in the lower caste feel that they are equal with t he people in the higher caste. This spiritual equality comes from the idea that every living thing is created from the Lord Braham. This oneness of all living beings is also mentioned in one of the passage: Arming himself with discipline, / seeing everything with equal eye, / he sees the self in all creatures/ and all creatue / see in the self (The Bhagavad Gita 69). Therefore, even the Bhagavad Gita mentions equality in some way, it only serves as a reinforcement of the caste system. In addition, another reinforcement of the caste system mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita is that by focusing on ones scared duties every individual can achieve the ultimate goal which is escaping from the cycle of rebirth. The state of being free from the cycle of death and rebirth is called moksha and can only be attained through fulfilling ones own caste duties (Bentley and Ziegler 184). This idea is conveyed when the Lord Krishna tells Arjuna to do what he must do in order to attain the everlasting peace. Moreover, the idea of devoting ones self to caste duties to attain moksha not only further defines the differentiation of each caste but also comforts the suffering of the lower caste by telling them that they will be able to achieve the final goal if they devote to their own caste: Each one achieves success / by focusing on his own action; / hear how one finds success / by focusing on his own action (The Bhagavad Gita 142). Furthermore, this quotes mentions own actions which indica tes the specific duties in each castes and that every castes has different paths toward attaining moksha. Such indication promotes greater separations of the classes in society. The idea of reincarnation in the Bhagavad Gita provides a promise for the people in lower caste that if they devote them self to their caste and endure sufferings from their lower social status, they will be able to attain a better next life. This idea of reincarnation rewards people who follow the caste and punish people who do not. According to the text, a person will continues to suffer until he is reborn to a higher caste:Fallen in discipline, he reaches / worlds made by his virtue, wherin he dwells / for endless years, until he is reborn / in a house of upright and noble men (The Bhagavad Gita 41). However the only way to be reborn into a higher caste is to accept the sufferings in the current life and devote to ones caste duties. As the text continues, it states that one needs to be purified his sins with effort and it is not a simple task: The man of discipline, striving / with effort, purified of his sins, / perfected through many births, / finds a higher way (The Bhagavad Gi ta 45). Therefore, this idea of reincarnation not only gives the people in the lower caste a purpose to endure their sufferings but also provides them psychological supports that comfort their inferiority in Hindu society. Through this, we can see how the Bhagavad Gita reinforces the caste system by providing spiritual supports that reduce the oppressiveness in the caste system. All the emphasis on duty, moksha , caste separation, and reincarnation in the Bhagavad Gita show the intension to justify the Hierarchically ordered caste system in Hindu society. Bhagavad Gita creates strict order that solidifies the caste rules, and set out a final goal, moksha to unite the castes but separates each castes path toward moksha to further differentiate each caste. While the Bhagavad Gita does mention equality, it does not apply in the materialistic sense. However, the equality is applied in a higher sense that does not contradict the caste system but reinforce it instead. The Bhagavad Gita with no doubt plays a key role in the Hindu society, since it is so closely related to their social structure and caste life. Through those previous discussions, we are able to see that the Bhagavad Gita not only creates strict rules and fears that endure the obedience within the system, but also uses religious goal and philosophy of detachment to further brain wash the people in th e Hindu society. It is clear that the ideas and philosophies presented in the Bhagavad Gita reinforces the caste system and justifies the inequality in the hierarchical social structure of the Hindu society.

Working Capital Managment

Management Of Working Capital Introduction Working Capital-Definition Working Capital is the cash needed to pay for the day to day operation of the business. Along with long term investments , business also needs funds for short-term purposes to finance current operations. Investment in short term assets like cash, inventories, debtors etc. , is called ‘Short-term Funds’ or ‘Working Capital’. Hence, the management of Working Capital is very important for the smooth running of business. Calcution of Working CapitalWorking Capital of a company is the difference between the Current Assets and the Current Liabilities of the company. Working capital=Current Assets-Current Liabilities Current Assets: Assets of the business held in the form of cash(e. g cash at the bank) or that can be quickly turned into cash. Current Assests Stocks Cash Debtors Investments Current Liabilities: Money owed by a business organization which is to be paid within next 12 months Current Liabilities Trade Creditors DividendsTaxation Short term loans Circulating capital – working capital is also known as circulating capital or current capital. ’ â€Å"The use of the term circulating capital instead of working capital indicates that its flow is circular in nature. † Structure of Working Capital The different elements or components of current assets and current liabilities constitute the structure of working capital which can be illustrated in the shape of a chart as follows: Working Capital Cycle makes it clear that the amount of cash is obtained mainly from issue of shares, borrowing and operations.Cash funds are used to purchase fixed assets, raw materials and used to pay to creditors. The raw materials are processed; wages and overhead expenses are paid which in result produce finished goods for sale. Working Capital circulation is like the blood circulation in the human body as once it stops the whole business becomes lifeless. Classification of Working Capital Working Capital can be classified in various ways. Conceptual classification – There are two concept of working capital viz. , quantitative and qualitative.The quantitative concept takes into account as the current assets while the qualitative concept takes into account the excess of current assets over current liabilities. Deficit of working capital exists where the amount of current liabilities exceeds the amount of current assets. The above can be summarized as follows: (i) Gross Working Capital = Total Current Assets (ii) Net Working Capital = Excess of Current Assets over Current Liabilities (iii) Working Capital Deficit = Excess of Current Liabilities over Current Assets. Classification on the basis of financial reports – The nformation of working capital can be collected from Balance Sheet or Profit and Loss Account; as such the working capital may be classified as follows: (i) Cash Working Capital– This is calculated from the informat ion contained in profit and loss account. This concept of working capital has assumed a great significance in recent years as it shows the adequacy of cash flow in business. It is based on ‘Operating Cycle Concept’s (ii) Balance Sheet Working Capital– The data for Balance Sheet Working Capital is collected from the balance sheet. On this basis the Working Capital can also be divided in three more types, viz. gross Working Capital, net Working Capital and Working Capital deficit. Classification on the Basis of Variability – Gross Working Capital can be divided in two categories viz. ,(i) permanent or fixed working capital, and (ii) Temporary, Seasonal or variable working capital. Such type of classification is very important for hedging decisions. (i) Temporary Working Capital – Temporary Working Capital is also called as fluctuating or seasonal working capital. This represents additional investment needed during prosperity An favorable seasons. It i ncreases with the growth of the business. Temporary working capital is the additional assets required to meet the variations in sales above the permanent level. † This can be calculated as follows: Temporary Working Capital = Total Current Assets – permanent Current Assets (ii) Permanent Working Capital – It is a part of total current assets which is not changed due to variation in sales. There is always a minimum level of cash, inventories, and accounts receivables which is always maintained in the business even if sales are reduced to a minimum. Amount of such investment is called as permanent working capital. Permanent Working Capital is the amount of working capital that persists over time regardless of fluctuations in sales. † This is also called as regular working capital. Importance of Working Capital Management For smooth running an enterprise, adequate amount of working capital is very essential. Efficiency in this area can help, to utilize fixed a ssets gainfully, to assure the firm’s long- term success and to achieve the overall goal of maximization of the shareholders, fund. Shortage or bad management of cash may result in loss of cash discount and loss of reputation due to non-payment of obligation on due dates.Insufficient inventories may be the main cause of production held up and it may compel the enterprises to purchase raw materials at unfavorable rates. Like-wise facility of credit sale is also very essential for sales promotions. It is rightly observed that â€Å"many a times business failure takes place due to lack of working capital. Adequate working capital provides a cushion for bad days, a concern can pass its period of depression without much difficulty. The significance of adequate working capital is â€Å"to avoid interruption in the production schedule and maintain sales, a concern equires funds to finance inventories and receivables. † The adequacy of cash and current assets together with th eir efficient handling virtually determines the survival or demise of a concern. An enterprise should maintain adequate working capital for its smooth functioning. Both, excessive working capital and inadequate working capital will impair the profitability and general health of a concern. The danger of excessive working capital are as follows: Heavy investment in fixed assets –A concern may invest heavily in its fixed assets which is not justified by actual sales.This may create situation of over capitalization. Reckless purchase of materials- Inventory is purchased recklessly which results in dormant slow moving and obsolete inventory. At the same time it may increase the cost due to mishandling, waste, theft, etc. Speculative tendencies – Speculative tendencies may increase and if profit is increased dividend distribution will also increase. This will hamper the image of a concern in future when speculative loss may start. Liberal credit – Due to liberal credi t, size of accounts receivables will also increase.Liberal credit facility can increase bad debts and wrong practices will start, regarding delay in payments. Carelessness – Excessive working capital will lead to carelessness about costs which will adversely affect the profitability. Paucity of working capitalist also bad and has the following dangers: 1. Implementation of operating plans becomes difficult and a concern may not achieve its profit target. 2. It is difficult to pay dividend due to lack of funds. 3. Bargaining capacity is reduced in credit purchases and cash discount could not be availed. 4.An enterprise looses its reputation when it becomes difficult even to meet day-to- day commitments. 5. Operating inefficiencies may creep in when a concern cannot meet it financial promises. 6. Stagnates growth as the funds are not available for new projects. 7. A concern will have to borrow funds at an exorbitant rate of interest in case of need. 8. Sometimes, a concern may be bound to sale its product at a very reduced rates to collect funds which may harm its image. Meaning of Working Capital Management The management of current assets, current liabilities and inter-relationship between them is termed as working capital management. Working capital management is concerned with problems that arise in attempting to manage the current assets, the current liabilities and the inter-relationship that exist between them. † In practice, â€Å"There is usually a distinction made between the investment decisions concerning current assets and the financing of working capital. † From the above, the following two aspects of working capital management emerges: (1) To determine the magnitude of current assets or â€Å"level of working capital† and (2) To determine the mode of financing or â€Å"hedging decisions. Significance of Working Capital Management Funds are needed in every business for carrying on day-to-day operations. Working capital f unds are regarded as the life blood of a business firm. A firm can exist and survive without making profit but cannot survive without working capital funds. If a firm is not earning profit it may be termed as ‘sick’, but, not having working capital may cause its bankruptcy working capital in order to survive. The alternatives are not pleasant. Bankruptcy is one alternative. Being acquired on unfavorable term as another.Thus, each firm must decide how to balance the amount of working capital it holds, against the risk of failure. † Working capital has acquired a great significance and sound position in the recent past for the twin objects of profitability and liquidity. In period of rising capital costs and scare funds, the working capital is one of the most important areas requiring management review. It is rightly observed that, â€Å"Constant management review is required to maintain appropriate levels in the various working capital accounts. †Mainly the success of a concern depends upon proper management of working capital so â€Å"working capital management has been looked upon as the driving seat of financial manager. † It consumes a great deal of time to increase profitability as well as to maintain proper liquidity at minimum risk. There are many aspects of working capital management which make it an important function of the finance manager. In fact we need to know when to look for working capital funds, how to use them and how measure, plan and control them. A study of working capital management is very important for internal and external experts.Sales expansion, dividend declaration, plants expansion, new product line, increase in salaries and wages ,rising price level, etc. , put added strain on working capital maintenance. Failure of any enterprise is undoubtedly due to poor management and absence of management skill. Importance of working capital management stems from two reasons, viz. , (i) A substantial portion o f total investment is invested in current assets, and (ii) level of current assets and current liabilities will change quickly with the variation in sales.Though fixed assets investment and long-term borrowing will also response to the changes in sales, but its response will be weak. Conclusion Although some companies began the process of improving their working capital management five or even 10 years ago, many others were driven to focus on the issues by funding disruptions and cash shortages brought by the global crisis. The effects of the many challenges faced by large companies during that period are evident today in both operational practices and strategic priorities.

Btec National Diploma Effective Communication - 1242 Words

Developing Effective Communication P1 There are many different settings relevant within the Health and Social Care Sector. For example you could be placed in a Residential or Nursing home, a Mental Health ward, a Simple Doctores surgery or even a Brain Damage unit. Each of these settings require different skills to enable you to work and care for the patients effectively. I am now going to explore the value of effective and varied types of communication in order to care for and support service users. Communication is so important in a healthcare and social care setting for a number of reasons. The patient and the healthcare professional need to understand each other clearly in order for the patient to receive the best possible†¦show more content†¦If you speak to a person in a way they do not understand they may get confused or feel patronised. It is important to repeat information and to make sure the patient understands. One-to-one communication is conversation between two individuals. Examples of one-to-one communication are, Someone being interviewed, and Someone talking to their GP. In the Health and Social care sector, one-to-one conversation is sometimes used because of confidentiality. With a one-to-one conversation it is important that you have created the right kind of emotional atmosphere before you begin to discuss what you have to say. It is vital that the other person feels relxed, comfortable and happy to talk to you. Group communication is getting a small group of people together who share the same problem to talk about it. These work better when the group is small as the leader can interact better than working with a large group. In health care, group communication can range from AA meetings (Alcohol anonymous) to drug abuse to various phobias which people want to overcome. There are a number of factors we need to consider when working with a group, things such as group atmosphere, group leaders, thinking about what you are going to say, taking turns and the use of space. Bruce W Tuckman is a respected educational psychologist who first described the four stages of group development in 1965. Looking at the behaviour of small groups in aShow MoreRelatedAssignment Brief to Break Down Unit 5 Health and Social Care Level 11545 Words   |  7 PagesBTEC Extended Diploma Level 3 Assignment Brief Course Title: Extended Diploma Level 3 in Health and Social Care Unit : 5 Assignment Title: Anatomy Physiology Scenario/Vocational Context: This unit introduces core knowledge of cellular structure and function, and the organisation of the body as a whole, and then builds on this to develop a more detailed knowledge of the fine anatomy and physiology of the systems involved in energy metabolism. 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Windows versus Linux - 1101 Words

Windows, and Linux are very different operating systems that are also very similar in multiple ways. Windows was first sold on November 20, 1985 under the name Windows 1.0. It was revolutionary for its time. People had been used to using command line interface to type out there commands. Windows 1.0 allowed for them to just point and click on what they wanted. Then, along came Linux a few years later. Linux was revolutionary because it was Unix-like and it was open source. Open source meant that anyone could access the source code to tailor it to their liking. This has allowed multiple different versions of Linux to be produced since then including one called Lindows. Lindows is exactly what you would expect from the name. It is a version†¦show more content†¦Linux also started with a command line interface like Windows. There are many similarities between the two. Whether or not someone selects to use it is all based on preference. A detailed evaluation will often reveal th at Windows has more features, and is easier to sue than Linux. When I took a survey of my peers it revealed that ninety percent of end users preferred to use Windows over Linux. I asked these people why they preferred Windows to be given multiple reasons. Some said that they preferred to use an operating system that was native to them since they had grown up using Windows. Others said that they liked the features better, and liked the innovations. When I asked about Lindows they said that it would just not be the same especially considering that Linux in its native form can not run .exe applications which has become a major part of the typical end users daily application usage. Truth be told however if someone was just going to browse the internet to check e-mail, and perform other miscellaneous tasks there is no distinction based on operating system. The major problem comes in when a user needs to use specific applications or software made for Windows. Linux is a valuable asset if you are looking to host a server but do not want to purchase Microsoft server which is the Windows equivalency. It is easy to use, maintain, and valuable to any network that requires a server. When it comes down to it both operating systems can do the same thing,Show MoreRelated Windows versus Linux Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesWindows vs. LINUX Both Windows and Linux come in many different forms. All the different forms of Windows come from Microsoft, the various distributions of Linux come from different companies (ex. Red Hat, SuSE, Linspire, Ubuntu, Mandriva, Knoppix, etc). Windows has two main lines: â€Å"Win9x†, which is consists of Windows 95, 98, 98SecondEdition and ME, and â€Å"NT class† which consists of Windows NT, 200 and XP. On a side note, Windows first had version 3.x which was made before Windows 95 byRead MoreLinux Versus Windows Xp : Pros And Cons1211 Words   |  5 PagesComparison Report Linux versus Windows XP: The Pros and Cons This may be the perfect time to move over to Linux, since Windows XP was officially retired in 2014. Although we can continue using Windows XP, the two most important factors to consider are 1) there will no longer be security patches released by Microsoft; and 2) they are no longer supporting this product. Additionally, our older XP machines may not support newer Windows releases, especially 8.1, because it needs significantly moreRead MoreWindows vs Linux2213 Words   |  9 Pages TERM PAPER TOPIC: - WINDOWS VERSUS LINUX SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY:- Mr. Raj Singh Satnam Singh RD1901A21 10902610 Acknowledgement I am very thankful to god who gave me this position to do this type of project. I am thankful to my respected Sir Mr. RAJ SINGH who guided me to do as well as I can do in this term paper. My topic is â€Å"WINDOWS VS LINUX† and it is very interesting topic for me. WithRead MoreWindows NT Operating System1298 Words   |  6 PagesWindows NT is a unique and powerful operating system. It has been an entirely different operating system than Microsofts initial Windows desktops operating systems. It was simply better and more secure (Survey of operating Systems pg125.) Windows NT offers you a high degree of performance and a wealth of capabilities and features. (Windows NT 101, 1998.) NT supports two file systems: NtFS4 and FAT16. It can use up to 4 Gigabytes of RAM and also uses virtual memory. Windows NT doesnt work wellRead MoreMost Common Internet Server Operating Systems1169 Words   |  5 Pagesmain choices of operating systems to choose from, just like in the rest of the co mputing world. The four options are: Windows, Linux/Unix and FreeBSD, Mac OS and Novell (webdevelopersnotes.com). The two that are most common are Windows and Linux/Unix and FreeBSD. To simplify the paper, the two server operating system options will be referred to as â€Å"Windows† and â€Å"Linux†. Windows and Linux are the two most commonly used Web Server operating systems because, quite simply, they are the easiest to use andRead MoreWindows NT 40 vs. Lynix Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesWindows NT 40 vs. Lynix Founded in 1975, Microsoft (Nasdaq MSFT) is the worldwide leader in software for personal computers. The company offers a wide range of products and services for business and personal use; each designed with the mission of making it easier and more enjoyable for people to take advantage of the full power of personal computing every day. The Linux operating system is not suitable for mainstream usage by business or home users. Today with Windows NT 4.0, customersRead MoreLinux Vs. Windows Xp1336 Words   |  6 PagesYou ask some good questions. Let s start with the considerations to keep in mind. You ll do well by separating the projects that you may wish to undertake. Porting your Unix application to Linux is a different animal than using Linux to replace your NT boxes for file and print services. The former is much more complex then the latter. Both actually start with applications. If you have off-the-shelf applications that run only on NT Servers, and you absolutely do not want P C clients to run theseRead MoreHow Operating System Handle Their Process Management1140 Words   |  5 PagesMANAGEMENT How operating system handle their process management WINDOWS 7 In windows, memory is managed by the system and metadata about processes is often stored in registry. Each process provide the resources needed execute the program. Each process start with single thread, often called primary thread but can create additional thread of its any thread. In windows you can review the process and control them through task manager. Multitasking Windows support preemptive multitasking, which is create the effectRead MoreOpen and Closed Source Systems Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesWeb servers. Linux is the most common open source system. Ubuntu Linux and Googles Chrome and Android systems are other examples of an open source system. Users have several options when choosing a closed source system. Some examples would include Microsoft Windows and Apple OS X operating systems. Like open source systems, closed source systems offer software for a variety of uses that include personal, server and mobile. Open Source Closed Source Linux Red Hat Unix Windows 97, XP, 7, Vista Read MoreCase Between Microsoft Versus Linux1240 Words   |  5 Pages(IIS). They are by far the two most common web server platforms, between them commanding about 70% of the market. They each additionally have their energetic supporters and haters. Truth be told, IIS versus Apache fire wars are ordinarily truly overflow or intermediary tirades of Microsoft versus Linux. A look into practice between the two web servers ought to be as goal as would be prudent, which is the thing that well attempt and do here and not get drawn into individual inclinations and passionate